Izingxenye Ezingasebenzi Kumasekethe E-RF
Ama-resistor, ama-capacitor, ama-Antenna. . . . Funda ngezingxenye ezingasebenzi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-RF.
Izinhlelo ze-RF azihlukile ngokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo zamasekethe kagesi. Imithetho efanayo yefiziksi iyasebenza, futhi ngenxa yalokho izingxenye eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-RF zitholakala nasezisekethe zedijithali kanye nasezisekethe ze-analog ezinemvamisa ephansi.
Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwe-RF kuhilela isethi yezinselelo nezinhloso ezihlukile, futhi ngenxa yalokho izici nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile lapho sisebenza kumongo we-RF. Futhi, amanye amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe enza umsebenzi oqondene kakhulu nezinhlelo ze-RF—awasetshenziswa kumasekhethi anemvamisa ephansi futhi angase angaqondwa kahle yilabo abanolwazi oluncane ngamasu okuklama i-RF.
Sivame ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ngokuthi ziyasebenza noma azisebenzi, futhi le ndlela isebenza ngokulinganayo emkhakheni we-RF. Izindaba zixoxa ngezingxenye ezingasebenzi ikakhulukazi maqondana namasekethe e-RF, kanti ikhasi elilandelayo lihlanganisa izingxenye ezisebenzayo.
Ama-Capacitor
I-capacitor ekahle inganikeza ukusebenza okufanayo kwesignali engu-1 Hz kanye nesignali engu-1 GHz. Kodwa izingxenye azikaze zibe zinhle, futhi izinto ezingezona ezinhle ze-capacitor zingaba zibaluleke kakhulu kumaza aphezulu.
“C” ihambisana ne-capacitor efanelekile efihliwe phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezibangelwa yi-parasitic. Sinokumelana okungenamkhawulo phakathi kwamapuleti (RD), ukumelana kochungechunge (RS), i-series inductance (LS), kanye ne-parallel capacitance (CP) phakathi kwama-PCB pads kanye ne-ground plane (sicabanga ukuthi izingxenye zokufaka phezulu; okunye ngalokhu kamuva).
Ukungabi nangqondo okubaluleke kakhulu lapho sisebenza ngezibonakaliso zemvamisa ephezulu yi-inductance. Silindele ukuthi i-impedance ye-capacitor yehle ngokungapheli njengoba imvamisa ikhuphuka, kodwa ukuba khona kwe-inductance ye-parasitic kubangela ukuthi i-impedance yehle ngemvamisa yokuziphendulela bese iqala ukwanda:
Abaphikisi, nabanye.
Ngisho nama-resistor angaba yinkinga kuma-frequency aphezulu, ngoba ane-inductance yochungechunge, i-parallel capacitance, kanye ne-capacitance ejwayelekile ehlotshaniswa nama-PCB pads.
Futhi lokhu kuveza iphuzu elibalulekile: uma usebenza ngamaza aphezulu, izakhi zesekethe ezibangelwa amagciwane zikhona yonke indawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-resistive element ilula noma ifanele kangakanani, isadinga ukupakishwa futhi ihlanganiswe ne-PCB, futhi umphumela uba yi-parasites. Okufanayo kusebenza kunoma iyiphi enye ingxenye: uma ipakishwe futhi ihlanganiswe nebhodi, izakhi ezibangelwa amagciwane zikhona.
Amakristalu
Ingqikithi ye-RF iwukulawula amasignali emvamisa ephezulu ukuze adlulisele ulwazi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba silawule sidinga ukukhiqiza. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zamasekethe, amakristalu ayindlela eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza ireferensi yemvamisa ezinzile.
Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kwedijithali kanye nesignali exubile, kuvame ukuba njalo ukuthi amasekethe asekelwe kukristalu empeleni awadingi ukunemba okunganikezwa yikristalu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kulula ukunganaki maqondana nokukhethwa kwekristalu. Isekethe ye-RF, ngokuphambene, ingaba nezidingo eziqinile zemvamisa, futhi lokhu kudinga hhayi nje ukunemba kwemvamisa yokuqala kodwa futhi nokuzinza kwemvamisa.
Imvamisa yokujiya kwekristalu evamile iyazwela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Ukungazinzi kwemvamisa okubangelwayo kudala izinkinga ezinhlelweni ze-RF, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ezizovezwa ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lungadinga i-TCXO, okungukuthi, i-oscillator yekristalu ekhokhelwa izinga lokushisa. Lawa madivayisi afaka izifunda ezikhokhela ukuhlukahluka kwemvamisa yekristalu:
Ama-antenna
I-antenna iyisakhi esingasebenzi esisetshenziselwa ukuguqula isignali kagesi ye-RF ibe imisebe ye-electromagnetic (EMR), noma okuphambene nalokho. Ngezinye izingxenye kanye nabaqhubi sizama ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-EMR, futhi ngama-antenna sizama ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa noma ukwamukelwa kwe-EMR maqondana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isayensi ye-antenna ayilula neze. Izici ezahlukahlukene zithonya inqubo yokukhetha noma yokuklama i-antenna efanele uhlelo oluthile. I-AAC inezihloko ezimbili (chofoza lapha nalapha) ezinikeza isingeniso esihle kakhulu semibono ye-antenna.
Amaza aphezulu ahambisana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene zokuklama, yize ingxenye ye-antenna yesistimu ingaba yinkinga encane njengoba imvamisa ikhuphuka, ngoba amaza aphezulu avumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-antenna amafushane. Namuhla kuvamile ukusebenzisa "i-antenna ye-chip," ethengiswa ku-PCB njengezingxenye ezijwayelekile zokufaka phezulu, noma i-antenna ye-PCB, edalwa ngokufaka umkhondo oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile kusakhiwo se-PCB.
Isifinyezo
Ezinye izingxenye zivame kuphela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RF, kanti ezinye kumele zikhethwe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo okungekuhle kwemvamisa ephezulu.
Izingxenye ezingasebenzi zibonisa impendulo yemvamisa engeyona efanelekile ngenxa yokungena kwe-parasitic kanye ne-capacitance.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RF zingadinga amakristalu anembe kakhulu futhi/noma azinzile kunamakristalu avame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe edijithali.
Ama-antenna ayizingxenye ezibalulekile okumele zikhethwe ngokwezici nezidingo zesistimu ye-RF.
I-Si Chuan Keenlion Microwave iyindlela enkulu yokukhetha ama-narrowband kanye nama-broadband, ahlanganisa amaza omsindo asukela ku-0.5 kuya ku-50 GHz. Aklanyelwe ukuphatha amandla okufaka angu-10 kuya ku-30 watts ohlelweni lokudlulisa olungu-50 ohm. Kusetshenziswa imiklamo ye-Microstrip noma ye-stripline, futhi ilungiselelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-03-2022
