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KuyiniIsihlungi se-RF?

Isihlungi semvamisa yomsakazo siyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe obungenantambo. Sisetshenziswa kanye nesamukeli somsakazo ukuhlunga amanye amabhendi emvamisa angadingekile futhi sithola kuphela imvamisa efanele. Izihlungi ze-RF zenzelwe ukusebenza kalula ebangeni lemvamisa kusukela emvamisa ephakathi kuya emvamisa ephezulu kakhulu (okungukuthi i-megahertz ne-gigahertz). Ngenxa yezici zayo zokusebenza, isetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zomsakazo, ezokuxhumana ezingenantambo, kuthelevishini nakwezinye izinto.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi eziningi ze-RF zakhiwe ngama-resonator ahlanganisiwe, futhi izici zekhwalithi yazo zinganquma izinga lokuhlunga ku-RF. Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa nosayizi wemishini engenantambo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlunga, okungukuthi isihlungi se-cavity, isihlungi sendiza, isihlungi se-electroacoustic, isihlungi se-dielectric, isihlungi se-coaxial (ngaphandle kwekhebula le-coaxial), njll.

Izinhlobo Eziyisisekelo Zesihlungi Semvamisa Yomsakazo

Isihlungi se-RF siyisekethe ekhethekile evumela amasignali afanele ukuthi adlule ngenkathi kususwa amasignali angafuneki. Ngokuphathelene ne-topology yesihlungi, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo zesihlungi se-RF, okungukuthi, isihlungi sokudlulisa okuphezulu, isihlungi sokudlulisa okuphansi, isihlungi sokudlulisa ibhendi kanye nesihlungi sokuma kwebhendi.

Isihlungi se-Low Pass:

Njengoba igama lisho, isihlungi esidlula kancane siyihlungi esivumela kuphela amaza aphansi ukuthi adlule futhi anciphise amanye amaza esignali ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma isignali idlula ku-bandpass, ukunciphisa imvamisa yayo kunqunywa yizici eziningi, njenge-topology yesihlungi, ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topology yesihlungi inquma nesivinini sokushintsha kwesihlungi sisuka ku-passband ukuze sifinyelele ekucindezelweni kwaso kokugcina.

Izihlungi ze-low pass ziza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwesihlungi ukucindezela i-harmonic ye-RF amplifier. Lesi sici sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka okungadingekile okuvela kuma-band ahlukene okudlulisa. Ngokuyinhloko, izihlungi ze-low pass zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zomsindo futhi zihlunga umsindo ovela kunoma iyiphi isekethe yangaphandle. Ngemva kokuthi isignali ye-high-frequency isihlungiwe, imvamisa yesignali etholiwe iba nekhwalithi ecacile.

Isihlungi se-High Pass:

Ngokungafani nesihlungi se-low pass, isihlungi se-high pass sivumela kuphela amasignali e-high frequency ukuthi adlule. Eqinisweni, isihlungi se-high pass kanye nesihlungi se-low pass ziyahambisana kakhulu, ngoba zombili izihlungi zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukukhiqiza isihlungi se-band-pass. Umklamo wesihlungi se-high pass uqondile futhi unciphisa imvamisa engaphansi kwephuzu lomkhawulo.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi ze-high pass zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zomsindo, lapho wonke amaza aphansi ehlungwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa futhi ukususa izipikha ezincane kanye ne-bass ezimweni eziningi; Lezi zihlungi zakhelwe ngqo ezipikheni. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona iphrojekthi ye-DIY ehilelekile, isihlungi se-high pass singaxhunywa kalula ohlelweni.

Izihlungi ze-Band Pass:

Isihlungi se-band-pass siyisekethe evumela amasignali avela kumaza amabili ahlukene ukuthi adlule futhi anciphise amasignali angekho ngaphakathi kobubanzi bawo obamukelekayo. Izihlungi eziningi ze-band-pass zithembele kunoma yimuphi umthombo wamandla wangaphandle futhi zisebenzisa izingxenye ezisebenzayo, okungukuthi amasekethe ahlanganisiwe nama-transistors. Lolu hlobo lwesihlungi lubizwa ngokuthi isihlungi se-band-pass esisebenzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izihlungi ze-band-pass azisebenzisi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle futhi zithembele kakhulu ezintweni ezingasebenzi, okungukuthi ama-inductor nama-capacitor. Lezi zihlungi zibizwa ngokuthi izihlungi ze-band-pass ezingasebenzi.

Izihlungi ze-bandpass zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-receiver nama-transmitter angenantambo. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ku-transmitter ukukhawulela i-bandwidth yesignali yokukhipha ibe yincane kakhulu, ukuze idatha edingekayo idluliselwe ngesivinini kanye nesimo esidingekayo. Uma umamukeli ehilelekile, isihlungi se-bandpass sivumela kuphela ukuqopha noma ukuzwa inani elidingekayo lama-frequency, ngenkathi sinqamula ezinye izimpawu ezivela kuma-frequency angafuneki.

Ngamafuphi, uma isihlungi se-band-pass sakhiwe, singakhulisa kalula ikhwalithi yesiginali futhi sinciphise ukuncintisana noma ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwezimpawu.

Ukwenqatshwa kwebhendi:

Ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi isihlungi se-band stop, isihlungi se-band stop siyisihlungi esivumela amaza amaningi ukuthi adlule ngaphandle kokushintsha. Kodwa-ke, sinciphisa amaza ngaphansi kobubanzi obuthile kakhulu. Umsebenzi waso uphambene ngokuphelele nowesihlungi se-band-pass. Ngokuyisisekelo, umsebenzi waso ukudlulisa imvamisa kusukela ku-zero kuya endaweni yokuqala yokunqamula yemvamisa. Phakathi, sidlula wonke amaza ngaphezu kwendawo yesibili yokunqamula yemvamisa. Kodwa-ke, siyawenqaba noma sivimbe wonke amanye amaza phakathi kwala maphuzu amabili.

Ngamafuphi, isihlungi siyinto evumela amasignali ukuba adlule ngosizo lwe-passband. Ngamanye amazwi, i-stopband esihlungini yindawo lapho amanye amaza enqatshwa yinoma yisiphi isihlungi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-high pass, i-low pass noma i-band pass, isihlungi esifanele siyi-filter engenakulahlekelwa ebhendini lokudlula. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, asikho isihlungi esifanele ngoba i-bandpass izolahlekelwa yi-frequency ethile futhi akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukucindezelwa okungenamkhawulo lapho i-stopband ifinyelelwa.

Kungani Izihlungi Zemvamisa Yomsakazo Zibaluleke Kangaka?

Izihlungi ze-RF zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaza esignali, kodwa yini eyenza abaluleke kangaka? Ngamafuphi, izihlungi ze-RF zingahlunga imisindo engathinta ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuxhumana noma inciphise ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu zangaphandle. Ukuntuleka kwesihlungi se-RF esifanele kungalimaza ukudluliswa kwemvamisa yesignali, futhi ekugcineni kungalimaza inqubo yokuxhumana.

Ngakho-ke, izihlungi ze-RF zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenantambo (isb. isathelayithi, i-radar, izinhlelo ezingenantambo zeselula, njll.). Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (i-UAS), ukubaluleka kwezihlungi ze-RF kusobala. Ukuntuleka kohlelo lokuhlunga olufanele kuzothinta i-UAS ngezindlela eziningi, njenge:

Ububanzi bokuxhumana bungancishiswa kube ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa izici zangaphandle zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamasignali e-RF emoyeni kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-UAV. Amasignali anonya avela kwamanye amapulatifomu afaka phakathi kodwa awagcini ku:; Umsebenzi wesignali ye-Wi Fi ojulile kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-UAS.

Ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana kuzophazamisa isiteshi sokuxhumana se-UAS, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe noma kuncishiswe ububanzi bokuxhumana bezinhlelo ezinjalo.

Ukuphazamiseka kuzothinta nokwamukelwa kwesignali ye-GPS ye-UAS; Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba namaphutha ekulandeleni i-GPS. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kokwamukelwa kwesignali ye-GPS.

Ngokusebenzisa isihlungi se-RF esifanele, ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesignali okubangelwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana eziseduze kungasuswa kalula. Lokhu kugcina ikhwalithi yemvamisa yesignali oyifunayo ngenkathi kuhlunga kalula yonke imvamisa yesignali engafuneki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi ze-RF nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile endaweni yocingo oluphathwayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngamaselula, zidinga inani elithile lamabhendi emvamisa ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezihlungi ze-RF ezifanele, amabhendi emvamisa ahlukahlukene ngeke ahlale ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusho ukuthi amanye amabhendi emvamisa azokwenqatshwa, okungukuthi, i-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), ukuphepha komphakathi, i-Wi Fi, njll. Lapha, izihlungi ze-RF zidlala indima ebalulekile ngokuvumela wonke amabhendi ukuthi ahlale ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi zilula ngesisindo futhi zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemvamisa yesignali. Uma isihlungi se-RF singanikezi ukusebenza okufiselekayo, ungahlola ezinye izinketho ezahlukahlukene, enye yazo ukwengeza ama-amplifier ekwakhiweni kwakho. Kusukela ku-amplifier yegridi kuya kunoma iyiphi enye i-amplifier yamandla e-RF, ungaguqula imvamisa yesignali ephansi ibe yimvamisa yesignali ephezulu; Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele komklamo we-RF.

I-Si Chuan Keenlion Microwave iyindlela enkulu yokukhetha ama-narrowband kanye nama-broadband, ahlanganisa amaza omsindo asukela ku-0.5 kuya ku-50 GHz. Aklanyelwe ukuphatha amandla okufaka angu-10 kuya ku-30 ​​watts ohlelweni lokudlulisa olungu-50 ohm. Kusetshenziswa imiklamo ye-Microstrip noma ye-stripline, futhi ilungiselelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Singakwazi futhi ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-RF Filter ngokwezidingo zakho. Ungangena ekhasini lokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuze unikeze imininingwane oyidingayo.

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