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Yini iIsihlungi se-RF?

Isihlungi samafrikhwensi omsakazo siyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe obungenawaya. Isetshenziswa kanye nesamukeli somsakazo ukuhlunga amanye amabhendi amafrikhwensi angadingekile futhi yamukele kuphela ifrikhwensi efanele. Izihlungi ze-RF zenzelwe ukusebenza kalula ebangeni lefrikhwensi ukusuka kumafrikhwensi aphakathi ukuya kumaza aphezulu kakhulu (okungukuthi i-megahertz ne-gigahertz). Ngenxa yezici zayo zokusebenza, isetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zomsakazo, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ithelevishini nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi eziningi ze-RF zakhiwa ama-resonator ahlanganisiwe, futhi izici zazo zekhwalithi zinganquma izinga lokuhlunga ku-RF. Ngokusetshenziswa kanye nosayizi wemishini engenantambo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlunga, okuyisihlungi se-cavity, isihlungi sendiza, isihlungi se-electroacoustic, isihlungi se-dielectric, isihlungi se-coaxial (esizimele ngentambo ye-coaxial), njll.

Izinhlobo Eziyisisekelo Zokuhlunga Kwemisakazo Yomsakazo

Isihlungi se-RF siyisekethe ekhethekile evumela amasiginali alungile ukuthi adlule ngenkathi ikhipha amasiginali angafuneki. Ngokwe-filter topology, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo zesihlungi se-RF, okungukuthi, isihlungi sokudlula okuphezulu, isihlungi sokudlula okuphansi, isihlungi sokudlula ibhande kanye nesihlungi sokumisa ibhande.

Isihlungi Sokudlula Okuphansi:

Njengoba igama lisho, isihlungi se-low-pass yisihlungi esivumela kuphela amaza aphansi ukuthi adlule futhi anciphise amanye amaza esignali ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma isignali idlula i-bandpass, ukunciphisa imvamisa yayo kunqunywa izici eziningi, njenge-filtha topology, isakhiwo kanye nekhwalithi yengxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topology yesihlungi iphinde inqume isivinini sokushintsha kwesihlungi kusuka kubhande lokungena ukuze sifinyelele ukucindezelwa kwaso kokugcina.

Izihlungi zokudlula okuphansi ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwesihlungi ukucindezela i-harmonic ye-RF amplifier. Lesi sici sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okungadingekile okuvela kumabhendi okudlulisela ahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, izihlungi zokudlula okuphansi zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zomsindo futhi zihlunge umsindo kunoma iyiphi isekethe yangaphandle. Ngemuva kokuthi isignali ye-high-frequency ihlungiwe, imvamisa yesignali etholiwe inekhwalithi ecacile.

Isihlungi se-High Pass:

Ngokuphambene nesihlungi se-low pass, isihlungi sokudlula okuphezulu sivumela kuphela amasiginali aphezulu ukuthi adlule. Eqinisweni, isihlungi sokudlula okuphezulu kanye nesihlungi sokudlula okuphansi kuyahambisana kakhulu, ngoba zombili izihlungi zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukukhiqiza isihlungi se-band-pass. Idizayini yesihlungi sokudlula okuphezulu iqondile futhi inciphisa imvamisa engezansi kwephoyinti lomkhawulo.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi zokudlula okuphezulu zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zomsindo, lapho wonke amaza aphansi ahlungwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukususa izikhulumi ezincane nama-bass ezimweni eziningi; Lezi zihlungi zakhelwe ezipikheni. Nokho, uma kukhona iphrojekthi ye-DIY ehilelekile, isihlungi sokudlula esiphezulu singaxhunywa kalula ohlelweni.

Izihlungi ze-Band Pass:

Isihlungi se-band-pass iyisekhethi evumela amasiginali asuka kumafrikhwensi amabili ahlukene ukuthi adlule futhi anciphise amasignali angekho ngaphakathi kwebanga lawo elamukelekayo. Izihlungi eziningi ze-band-pass zithembele kunoma yimuphi umthombo wamandla wangaphandle futhi zisebenzisa izingxenye ezisebenzayo, okuyiziyingi ezihlanganisiwe nama-transistors. Lolu hlobo lwesihlungi lubizwa ngokuthi isihlungi esisebenzayo se-band-pass. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izihlungi ze-band-pass azisebenzisi amandla angaphandle futhi zithembele kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-passive, okuyi-inductors nama-capacitor. Lezi zihlungi zibizwa ngokuthi izihlungi ze-passive band-pass.

Izihlungi ze-bandpass zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-wireware nama-transmitters. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ku-transmitter ukukhawulela umkhawulokudonsa wesiginali yokuphuma ibe ubuncane, ukuze idatha edingekayo idluliselwe ngesivinini esidingekayo kanye nefomu. Uma umamukeli ebandakanyeka, isihlungi se-band-pass sivumela kuphela ukuqoshwa noma ukuzwa inombolo edingekayo yamafrikhwensi, kuyilapho sinqamula amanye amasignali kumaza angafuneki.

Ngamafuphi, uma isihlungi se-band-pass siklanyelwe, singakhuphula kalula ikhwalithi yesiginali futhi sinciphise ukuncintisana noma ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwamasignali.

Ibhendi Yenqaba:

Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa isihlungi sokumisa ibhande, isihlungi sokumisa ibhande siyisihlungi esivumela amafrikhwensi amaningi ukuthi adlule ngaphandle kokushintsha. Nokho, inciphisa amaza ngaphansi kobubanzi obukhethekile. Umsebenzi wayo uphambene ngokuphelele nalowo wesihlungi se-band-pass. Ngokuyisisekelo, umsebenzi wayo ukudlulisa imvamisa ukusuka ku-zero ukuya endaweni yokuqala yokusika yemvamisa. Phakathi nendawo, idlula wonke amafrikhwensi ngaphezu kwendawo yokunqamula yesibili yefrikhwensi. Nokho, iyenqaba noma ivimbe wonke amanye amafrikhwensi phakathi kwalawa maphuzu amabili.

Ngamafuphi, isihlungi siyinto evumela amasignali ukuthi adlule ngosizo lwe-passband. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhande lokumisa kusihlungi iphoyinti lapho amanye amafrikhwensi enqatshwa yinoma yisiphi isihlungi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphasi ephezulu, iphasi eliphansi noma i-band pass, isihlungi esifanelekile siyisihlungi esingenakulahlekelwa ebhendini yokudlula. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, asikho isihlungi esifanelekile ngoba i-bandpass izolahlekelwa imvamisa futhi akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukucindezelwa okungapheli lapho i-stopband ifinyelelwa.

Kungani izihlungi zeRadio Frequency zibaluleke kangaka?

Izihlungi ze-RF zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaza amasignali, kodwa yini ewenza abaluleke kangaka? Ngamafuphi, izihlungi ze-RF zingakwazi ukuhlunga imisindo engase ithinte ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi isistimu yokuxhumana noma yehlise ukuphazamiseka kwamasignali angaphandle. Ukuntuleka kwesihlungi se-RF esifanelekile kungase kulimaze ukudluliswa kwefrikhwensi yesignali, futhi ekugcineni kungalimaza inqubo yokuxhumana.

Ngakho-ke, izihlungi ze-RF zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo (okungukuthi, isathelayithi, irada, amasistimu angenawaya eselula, njll.). Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu (UAS), ukubaluleka kwezihlungi ze-RF kusobala. Ukuntuleka kwesistimu yokuhlunga efanele kuzothinta i-UAS ngezindlela eziningi, njenge:

Uhla lwezokuxhumana lungancishiswa lube ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa izici zemvelo zangaphandle. Ukwengeza, ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamasignali e-RF emkhathini kungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwezokuxhumana lwe-UAV. Izimpawu ezinonya ezivela kwezinye izinkundla zifaka kodwa azikhawulelwe kulokhu:; Umsebenzi ojulile wesignali ye-WiFi namanye amasistimu okuxhumana asebenza ngaphakathi kwe-UAS.

Iziphazamiso ezivela kwezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana zizophazamisa isiteshi sokuxhumana se-UAS, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise noma kukhawule uhla lokuxhumana lwalezo zinhlelo.

Ukuphazamiseka kuzophinde kuthinte ukwamukela kwesignali ye-GPS ye-UAS; Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba kube namaphutha ekulandeleleni i-GPS. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, lokhu kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kokwamukela isignali ye-GPS.

Ngesihlungi se-RF esifanele, ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesignali okukhiqizwa amasistimu okuxhumana aseduze kungaqedwa kalula. Lokhu kugcina ikhwalithi yefrikhwensi yesignali oyifunayo kuyilapho kuhlunga kalula wonke amaza wamasignali angafuneki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi ze-RF nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile endaweni yomakhalekhukhwini. Uma kukhulunywa ngomakhalekhukhwini, badinga inombolo ethile yamabhendi amafrikhwensi ukuze basebenze kahle. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezihlungi ezifanelekile ze-RF, amabhendi efrikhwensi ahlukahlukene ngeke ahlangane ngesikhathi esifanayo, okusho ukuthi amabhendi athile efrikhwensi azonqatshwa, okungukuthi, i-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), ukuphepha komphakathi, i-Wi Fi, njll. Lapha, izihlungi ze-RF zidlala indima ebalulekile ngokuvumela wonke amabhendi ukuthi aphile ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngokuvamile, izihlungi zinesisindo esincane futhi zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemvamisa yesignali. Uma isihlungi se-RF singakunikezeli ukusebenza okufunayo, ungahlola ezinye izinketho ezihlukahlukene, okunye okuwukwengeza ama-amplifiers ekwakhiweni kwakho. Kusukela ku-amplifier yegridi kuya kunoma iyiphi enye isikhulisi samandla e-RF, ungakwazi ukuguqula imvamisa yesignali ephansi ibe imvamisa yesiginali ephezulu; Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele komklamo we-RF.

Si Chuan Keenlion Microwave ukukhetha okukhulu ekucushweni kwe-narrowband ne-broadband, okumboza amaza asuka ku-0.5 kuye ku-50 GHz. Zenzelwe ukuphatha amandla okufaka ama-watts asuka ku-10 kuye kwangama-30 kusistimu yokudlulisa engu-50-ohm. Imiklamo ye-Microstrip noma ye-stripline isetshenziswa, futhi yenzelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Singakwazi futhi ukwenza ngokwezifiso Isihlungi se-RF ngokwezidingo zakho. Ungafaka ikhasi lokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuze unikeze imininingwane oyidingayo.

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